CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:211
LANGUAGE:Dagara
ALTERNATEN:Dagaare
LOCATION:Burkina Faso
POPULATION:75,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
GRAMMAR:GD: Prost, A. and L. Girault . 1958. Abrégé de langue dagara: Grammaire et dictionnaire. Bobo-Dioulasso: Diocèse de Bobo-Dioulasso.
OTHERSOURC:Girault, L. 1967. Description phonologique du dagara. Dakar: Univ of Dakar.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ c k kp ʔ b ʔb d̪ ɡ ɡb f s̪ s h v z̪ ɣ m ʔm n̪ ŋ ŋm l̪ l̪ɯ r
STOPS:p b ʔb t̪ d̪ c k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ɣ h
NASALS:m ʔm n̪ ŋ ŋm
LATERALS:l̪ l̪ɯ
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ b m n l r cj all but ʔb c ʔm r cw all but ʔb c kp ɡb h ʔm ŋ ŋm r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e o ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:
ı̃ ẽ ã ũ õ ı̃̄ ẽ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ȭ
DIPHTHONGS:ie iɛ iu io uo oɔ (ai ɔi)
SYLLABLE:(C)V(ɣ)(C)
TONES:hi mid low
STRESS:always on root
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:7
ARTICLES:def
SYNTAX:SVO NA GN ND POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:212
LANGUAGE:Kusaal
LOCATION:NE Ghana (Upper)
POPULATION:517,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
OTHERSOURC:
Spratt, David and Nancy Spratt. 1968 The Phonology of Kusal. Accra: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ghana. Spratt, David and Nancy Spratt. 1972. Kusal Syntax. Accra: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ghana.
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:214
LANGUAGE:Talne
LOCATION:Ghana
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:215
LANGUAGE:Nabte
LOCATION:Ghana
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:216
LANGUAGE:Mampelle
LOCATION:Ghana
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:217
LANGUAGE:Dagbani
LOCATION:N Ghana (Northern)
POPULATION:409,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
OTHERSOURC:
Wilson, W. A. A. 1963. "Relative Constructions in Dagbani," JAL 2, 139-44. Laguage Guide (Dagbani Edition). 1968. Accra: Bureau of Ghana Languages. Wilson, W. A. A. and J. T. Bender-Samuel. 1969. "The Phonology of the Nominal in Dagbani," Linguistics 52, 56-82.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb č ɡ̌ f s š (h) v z ž m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋm l
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž (h)
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋm
LATERALS:l
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ
TONES:hi lo downstep
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:noun classes
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3ai 6ai
SYNTAX:SVO NA ND N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:218
LANGUAGE:Dagbani
DIALECT:Mampruli
LOCATION:N Ghana (Northern)
POPULATION:409,000 (85,000)
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
DICTIONARY:Arana, Evangelina and Mauricio Swadesh. 1967. Diccionario analitico del mampruli. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k kp ʔ b d̪ ɡ ɡb (č) (ɡ̌) f s̪ (h) v z̪ m n̪ ñ (ŋ) ŋm l̪ (ɾ)
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
AFFRICATES:(č) (ɡ̌)
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ (h)
NASALS:m n̪ ñ (ŋ) ŋm
LATERALS:l̪
VIBRANTS:(ɾ)
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
I ʋ ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:I ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:ʋ ɔ
LONGVOWELS:ī ē ā ū ō
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)V(C)
TONES:hi lo ris fall
STRESS:root initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA ND
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:219
LANGUAGE:Hanga
POPULATION:3,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:220
LANGUAGE:Kasele
LOCATION:Togo
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta